Borisov B.B., Islamova Ch.M, Korepanova E.V., Fatykhov I.S.

Assessment of productivity and ecological adaptability of spring wheat varieties in the conditions of the Middle Urals

The article presents the results of scientific research for 2017-2020 on the variety testing of spring soft wheat in abiotic conditions of the Middle Urals. The varieties of spring wheat Iren and Yoldyz, respectively, had relatively higher yields of 490 g/m2 and 488 g/m2 in the competitive variety testing, which is significantly higher by 35 g/m2 and 33 g/m2 yields (455 g/m2) of the control variety Sim-birzit (NSR05 – 25 g/m2). The yield of these varieties was formed with a significantly higher 2% field germination of seeds, 21-60 pcs./m2 of productive plants and 21-37 pcs./m2 of productive stems for harvesting, 0.04-0.05 g of grain weight per ear. The highest average yield in the Yoldyz and Iren wheat varieties was due to a significant increase in the leaf surface area in the tube exit phase by 4.0 and 4.1 thousand m2/ha, in the earing phase – by 2.5 and 2.7 thousand m2/ha and in the phase of the dairy state of grain – by 1.4 thousand m2/ha relative to similar values in the standard Simbircite. The varieties Yoldyz and Iren formed the largest FP of 1275-1284 thousand m2 × day per 1 ha during the growing season, respectively. The varieties Iren and Yoldyz, in which the coefficient of plasticity was equal to 1.03 and 1.04, respectively (bi=1), are plastic, their yield corresponded to the change in growing conditions. The highest indicator of yield stability (0.12) was the spring wheat Iren.

Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, VARIETY, YIELD, STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, PHOTO-SYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF PLANTS, PLASTICITY, ADAPTABILITY