Plaksina V.S., Astashov A.N., Suchkova M.G.

Efficiency of basic tillage systems in experimental crop rotation in arid conditions of the Lower Volga region

The article presents the results of research on the formation of crop yields depending on the depth of tillage in the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region. Basic tillage is an important agrotechnical technique that affects many indicators, including crop yields. The aim of the research was to study the influence of basic tillage (classical and energy-saving) on crop productivity, as well as on the process of creating optimal water-physical properties of the soil of short-rotation crop rotations in conditions of insufficient moisture. The research was carried out at the experimental field of Rossorgo in 2021-2023. The experiment traces the dependence of the main agrophysical properties of the soil, the contamination of crops and crop yields on the applied techniques. It is proved that plowing is the most effective in the rain-fed conditions of the Lower Volga region. With the minimization of the main tillage, yields decrease, with the use of disking – by 10...30%, on variants with cultivation – by 14...51%, as well as deterioration of the water-physical properties of the soil and the phytosanitary condition of crops.

Keywords: TILLAGE, PRODUCTIVITY, PLOWING, DISKING, CULTIVATION