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2023, № 3 (57) |
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GENERAL AGRICULTURE, PLANT GROWING
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Bopp V.L., Khanipova V.A., Makarov A.V., Fedotova A.S. |
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Optimization of feed production taking into account current trends in climate change |
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Climate fluctuation, expressed in a decrease in its continentality (an increase in air temperature in autumn, winter and early spring, a slight decrease in air temperature in May and summer; a possible increase in the duration of vegetation in the middle latitudes), an increase in aridity in some regions, an increase in the influence of various biotic and abiotic stress factors on plants (deficiency or excess of moisture, epiphytotics, changes in the species composition of segetal vegetation), leads to a tightening of agricultural conditions and, accordingly, requires optimization of scientific and production solutions in the field of feed production – the most important branch of agriculture, using 75% of crop production. This article summarizes the results of research by scientists from Russia and foreign countries concerning increasing the resistance of feed production to climate change. Information is given on the creation of a system of climatically and ecologically differentiated varieties of forage crops as a priority task of breeding. It is shown that modern varieties of perennial legumes have a high productivity potential and are adapted to weather changes, the expansion of their cultivation area reduces the damage from the negative effects of climate. The use of intergenerational and interspecific breeding of perennial grasses makes it possible to obtain hybrids more adapted to adverse climatic deviations. To increase the sustainability of feed grain production, it is proposed to introduce new types and varieties of feed grain crops – triticale, winter rye. The increase in climate aridity can be offset by an increase in the area of cultivation of drought-resistant crops: sugar sorghum, forage millet, sorghum-sudank hybrid, mogar, Sudanese grass. An increase in the sum of the active temperatures of the growing season contributes to the expansion of crops of more late-ripening and productive species and varieties, hybrids of forage crops, including corn. Attention is paid to optimizing the timing of sowing forage crops and the use of irrigation in cultivation technology.
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