Marshanin E.V., Surin R.O., Mikhailov A.V., Belyakov D.V., Kuznetsov E.E., Shchitov S.V.

Assessment of the influence of the physical and mechanical properties of the soil on the performance of the wheel unit

The technology of cultivation of agricultural crops is greatly influenced by the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, such as density, hardness, structural composition, stickiness, etc. They ultimately determine the list of works related to the preparation of the soil for sowing. This is explained by the fact that depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, as well as on the natural production conditions, the composition of the machine-tractor unit and the necessary list of works are determined. Numerous studies have established that the surface of the field is subjected to repeated impacts of the running systems of tractors and agricultural machines during the field work, and this indicator ranges from five or more times. An increase in the number of passes leads to an increase in the hardness and density of the soil, which further affects the yield of crops and reduces the efficiency of using machine-tractor units and their productivity. Thus, technogenic manifestations from the impact of the running systems of tractors and agricultural machines directly depend on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and the provision of farms with mechanization tools recommended by the regional farming system. Reducing over-compaction is possible with the use of combined implements, however, on heavy soils, the use of multifunctional machine-tractor units is often not always possible due to the great resistance that the soil exerts during its processing, and this leads to an increase in the number of passes through the field. This is especially pronounced in those regions where the soil is represented by heavy loams, in particular in the Amur region, which have increased stickiness under certain natural and climatic conditions. The article presents the results of research to determine the effect of soil stickiness on the productivity of machine-tractor units.

Keywords: SOIL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, STICKINESS, TRACTOR, RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT, PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY