Kipriyanov F.A., Savinykh P.A.

On the issue of improving technical means for pre-sowing microwave processing of the seed grain

Pre-sowing processing of the seed material is one of the most important stages for the formation of a sustainable yield of grain. Low sowing qualities of seeds, contamination with pathogenic spores have a negative impact on the yield. Pre-sowing chemical treatment of seeds undoubtedly has a positive effect in most cases, but at the same time it negatively affects the environment and beneficial soil microorganisms. Electrophysical methods of pre-sowing treatment are environmentally safe and can be used as comprehensive measures to protect and stimulate plants. In spite of the fact that a large number of works are devoted to electrophysical methods of pre-sowing treatment, the results obtained are ambiguous, and the technical means used need to be improved. The article presents the positive results of the vibration impact on the uniformity of irradiation with an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field. These results indicate that the vibrofluidized layer formed in the irradiation chamber contributes to a more uniform grain heating, compared with heating statically located grain. The article also presents the results of the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field impact on the sowing qualities of spring oats grain and its contamination with pathogens. Thus, processing grain ensures the destruction of spores of certain diseases with a slight decrease in germination ability and germination energy. The results show that the use of electrophysical methods should solve a compromise problem, while observing the level of temperature impact in order to preserve the vital functions of the embryo.

Keywords: PRE-SOWING TREATMENT, ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD, MICROWAVE, SOWING QUALITIES, GERMINATION ABILITY, GERMINATION ENERGY, VIBRATION, UNIFORMITY OF PROCESSING