Razumnova L.A., Kamenev R.A., Kameneva V.K.

Positive result from the use of bacterial preparations and mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of safflower in the conditions of the north-eastern zone of the Rostov region

Field experiments to study the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers and biological products with strains of associative nitrogen fixers were conducted in 2016-2018 on dark brown soil in LLC "Zarya" of the Oblivsky district, which is located in the north-eastern zone of the Rostov region. The objects of research were: the variety of safflower Zavolzhsky 1, bacterial preparations Mizorin, Flavobacterin, KL-10, made at the All-Russian Institute of Agricul-tural Microbiology in St. Petersburg. They were mixed immediately before sowing with seeds at a rate of 300 g/ha. Mineral fertilizers were represented by ammonium nitrate (34.4%), ammophos (12:52) and potassium chloride (65%). Safflower was cultivated according to traditional technology. The sowing of safflower was carried out with the SZ-3,6 seeder. The predecessor of safflower is winter wheat. The application of mineral fertilizers was carried out simulta-neously with sowing, as well as manually spreading for pre-sowing cultivation. The yield of safflower seeds in the control variant (without the use of agro-chemicals) was the highest in 2017, which was favorable for moisture-1.11 t / ha, and almost the same in 2016 and 2018 – 0.92-0.94 t/ha, respectively. Av-erage for 2018-2020 the yield of safflower seeds in the control variant was 0.99 t / ha. The highest yield of oilseeds was obtained on the variant with a dose of mineral fertilizers N48P52 1. 22 t / ha, but on the variant with the use of the biological product Flavobacterin, the yield was only 0.05 t / ha less. The oil content in safflower seeds on average for 3 years of research on all variants of the experiment differed slightly. Its content varied from 35.7–36.3% and did not depend on the studied agrochemical techniques. The most optimal indica-tors of economic efficiency in the experiment were obtained from the use of a strain of the associative biological product Flavobacterin on a natural back-ground of fertility. The level of profitability is higher than in the control ver-sion by 28%, with a reduction in the cost of 1.42 rubles/kg.

Keywords:SAFFLOWER, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, BACTERIAL PREP-ARATIONS, YIELD