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2019, N 3 (37) |
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SELECTION AND SEED-GROWING
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Kedrova L., Utkina E., Shamova M., Nabatova N. |
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Realization of adaptive potential of winter rye productivity in the conditions of regional climate change |
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In the conditions of changes in bioclimatic potential, which has a significant impact on modern agricultural production, it is possible to reveal the productive potential of modern varieties only by improving the technology of cultivation. Earlier studies of hydrothermal conditions of the Kirov region for 1977-2017 years revealed a steady increase in air temperature in September-October of 0.055°C per year, which leads to a lengthening of the period of the autumn of growing season, hibernating of plants up to 10 days and, consequently, to the escalation, pest injury and damage from snow mold. The aim of the work was to identify the conditions for the implementation of the genetic potential of indicators of productivity of winter rye cultivar falenskay4 taking into account regional climate Change by adjusting the timing of sowing and density of agrophytocenosis. The study was carried out in the North-East FANZ in two stages: 2008-2010 - studied 4 terms of sowing (20, 25, 30 August and 5 September) with the previously established seeding rate of 6 million germinating seeds per 1 ha; 2014-2017 - extended study of sowing time at different density of agrocenosis (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 million). The recommended optimal period in the region - August 20 with a seeding coefficient of 6 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. The influence of sowing terms on winter hardiness, which depends in the region on the defeat of snow mold (Microdochium nivale (Fr.) – one of the most common and harmful Fusarium diseases in Northern agriculture. The development of the disease in the first sowing period (2008-2010) was 96.0%; in the second - 77.5%; in the third and fourth - 63.3 and 50.0%, respectively. If an early crop is an intensive growth of plants, which are provocative background for the development snow mold, damaged the Swedish fly, affects powdery mildew and rust diseases susceptible to inhibition of perennial weed that reduces the yield and impairs the biological optimum grain production. Sowing on August 25 and 30 provided an increase in yield to the control by 0.17 and 0.24 t/ha co-responsibly. In 2014-2017, the maximum yield of the variety (4.48 and 4.47 t/ha) was formed during sowing on August 25-30 with a seeding coefficient of 5 and 6 million. The increase in the number of plants due to the high seeding rate (7.0 million) does not economically justify the additional consumption of seeds. In the conditions of the region, late sowing of winter rye is unacceptable at any seeding rate, the yield of the variety was 2.26-2.82 t/ha. the Average long-term data (2008-2010; 2014-2017) showed that the seeding on August 25 and 30 (the coefficient of 6 million) exceeded the yield control by 0.34 and 0.42 t/ha, respectively. Thus, the studies show that in typical years of moisture and heat supply, the optimal sowing period of the variety is 25-30 August, i.e. 5-10 days later than previously established. The realization of genetic potential is possible with the density of agrocenosis – 5-6 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. The introduction of the winter rye variety Falenskaya 4 in the North-East of the European part of Russia should be based on the adaptation of agricultural technology to regional climatic changes, which will ensure the efficiency of grain production without disturbing the stability of agroecosystems in the region.
Keywords: WINTER RYE, CLIMATE CHANGE, VARIETY, CROPS, DENSITY, AGROCENOSIS, WINTER RESISTANCE, SNOW MOLD, PRODUCTIVITY |