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2019, N 2 (36) |
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TECHNOLOGIES AND FARM MECHANIZATION MEANS
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Ivanov A., Faizullin M., Chakirov R., Arslanov F., Nikolayev V., Korepanov Ju. |
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Study of the process of closed composting of litter manure by the method of artificial aeration |
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The state of ecological systems in Russia is greatly influenced by agricultural production, especially animal husbandry. In the Russian Federation, in all categories of farms there are about 20 million heads of cattle, pigs – more than 17 million sheep, 21 million birds – about 450 million the Amount of waste is animal-breeding enterprises and poultry farms in the form of liquid manure, manure and wastewater makes about 700 million MoH in the year. At the same time, only 30% is used for fertilizer, the rest is a source of environmental pollution. Today, more than 2 million hectares of land is occupied by manure storage. Livestock waste covers an area equal to almost half of the territory of the Moscow region. And this resource is a real environmental threat, instead of working on soil fertility and high yields. Optimize a method for the accelerated fermentation during composting in meta manure through the use of the installation for aeration is an important task as it allows to reduce energy consumption and to accelerate the fermentation, increase of SIV the temperature of the material, thus lowering the moisture content of the manure and evenly distributed pouring air throughout the volume of the heap. Due to this, it is not required to stir the entire volume of the Burt, and there is no need to purchase expensive specialized equipment. Objectives: to analyze the existing technologies of utilization and processing of animal farm waste; to identify the main problems and ways to eliminate them; to study the process of heating the manure drill as a result of its artificial aeration, to identify the influence of controlled factors on this process; to scientifically justify the proposed technical solutions, methods and modes of waste disposal and/or processing; to conduct experimental studies with a full factor regression analysis. Most technologies have limited use in the cold season or are associated with the use of expensive equipment, or require a large amount of capital expenditure. The easiest way to solve the problems is composting, which allows to obtain valuable organic fertilizer at the output, suitable for direct application to the soil or its recultivation. However, this method requires significant temporary (up to six months) manure / litter exposure. A promising method of composting with accelerated aerobic fermentation is known.
Thus, the equation of the mathematical model describing the dependence of manure temperature (Solomon manure mixture) at artificial aeration on three factors: relative humidity, the number of treatments per day and the number of treatments per week is obtained. For this according to the conducted research on the extreme and found op allows an optimal factor values.
Keywords: MANURE, IMPORTANT HEAD (BURT), COMPOST, СOMPOSTIANIE, ENMENTATION, AERATION, AEROBIC BACTERIA, ANAEROBIC BACTERIA, COMPRESSOR, MANPATED TEMPERATURE, MANNER BOX, ORGANIC FERTILIZER, HUMIDITY, NUMBER OF TREATMENT ON THE DAY, NUMBER OF EDGE, HUMIDITY, NUMBER OF TREATMENT ON THE DAY, NUMBER OF EDGE, HUMAN FOUNDATION, HUMIDITY, NUMBER OF TREATMENT ON THE DAY, NUMBER OCCASE |